The government did not address the need for bank recapitalisations,hoping that banks could profitably trade their way out the problem over time. This hope could be wildly optimistic,given the crash in bank share prices.
What is to be done? I suggest:
[]Instead of buying shares of banks,the government should guarantee a seven year return on investment to shareholders who participate in a series of rights issues. Let's say the shares are issued at €10 a share and with a partial recapitalisation of the bank from the share issue proceeds,it is estimated that investors require a return on investment of 15% a year over the next seven years. Let's assume no dividends are paid.
The government would be liable to pay out to shareholders if the value of the shares were less than the 15% return to €26.60 a share seven years hence. If the shares were trading at $20 a share,the government would have to pay $6.60 a share (ie €26.60-20)*. If the shares were trading at more than €26.60,the government could tax the excess with a special capital gains tax.
The seven year time horizon would take a lot of pressure off the government finances and give the banks time to do workouts on problem loans.
[]To prevent any further bank loans to large zombies developments, the government should seek the help of hundreds of development industry insiders to identify those developments. The guarantee of any further loans to them should be set at close to punitive market rates for credit default swaps,which should deter banks from any further lending to them.
[]Rationalisation of lending is probably needed to prevent a Japanese style banking crisis that resulted in a lost decade of economic growth. It is needed to shut down unviable banks and realistically value balance sheets so that interbank lending among the remaining viable banks can resume without fear of a catastrophic default.
*Regarding some more of the details,the guarantee could apply to shareholders participating in the rights issue and,for the sake of administrative simplicity,who hold until year seven. They would want to sell in year seven if they expected the shares to drop below the guaranteed price at the start of year 8 in which the guarantee would no longer apply.



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