Cities became cities through royal charters, which is still the way in the UK - hence Lisburn and Newry. So Kilkenny is a city because it was quite important back in the day, whereas Galway wasn't until the local govt. act in 1990, although obviously much bigger. There's lots of quite small towns in Britain that are cities on the same basis - Wells, Hereford, Ely, Stirling etc - and big places that aren't.
The act above defines 5 cities in the Republic - Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. Kilkenny is allowed to call itself a city on the basis of history but doesn't have a city council, which is the defining characteristic of a city now that - unlike Derry City in the song - we no longer have a queen.
For the record, I think Tallaght and Swords should be cities; proximity to Dublin is no argument - Salford is a separate city to Manchester, the West Midlands has three contiguous cities.




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