The good, old, risk for rewards version of capitalism - the burghers invest in a daring sea captain sailing to the Indies - still exists. In recent years, it's given us FedEx, Wal-Mart, Apple, Microsoft, and Google.
But alongside it, over the last 50 years, the economy of credit has grown up.
In vastly oversimplified terms the credit economy works like this:
You own a house. It's worth $100,000.
Someone buys the house, no money down. They borrow that money. Let's say it's a straight-line 8 percent, 30-year mortgage. Forget closing costs, points, and any other complications - that's a $220,000 debt. It goes on the bank's books as an asset.
Now you have $100,000. The bank has $220,000 (on paper). The buyer has a house worth $100,000. The bank has a lien on it, but the buyer will be gaining equity, plus he can get a second mortgage and home-improvement and other loans on it.
Again, this is a vast oversimplification, but that transaction has "created" something like $420,000 that is now "in play," as part of the economy.
No "thing" has been created - no new business, no product, no jobs, no idea, no intellectual property, no entertainment.
But money has been created.